emery



(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

A. H. EMERY.

DYNAMOMBTBR. N0. 2'78,911. Patented June 5,1883,

N. PUERS. Fimtniilhognphur. wasnin mn, D. c.

,fiexible annular fixing-plates.

' UNITED STATES PATENT, OFFICE.

ALBERT H. EMERY, OF NEV YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO THE EMERY SCALE COMPANY, OF STAMFORD, CONNECTICUT.

DYNAMOMETER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 278,911, dated June 5, 1883.

Application filed February 5, 1881.

(No model.)

To'all whom it may concern Be it known that I, ALBERT H. EMERY, of the city, county, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Dynamometers, of which the following is a specification.

The invention relates to an improved dynamometer, applicable also to purposes of weighing and gaging. It is constructed with a sus pension stem and beam, a pair of connectingrods depending from the beam and attached below to a load-beam. These parts are rigidly connected together and have limited vertical play within a suitable casing, being secured against relative lateral motion by means of On the loadbeam rests a pressure-column, forming one side of a liquid-pressure chamber. The chamber base-plate is attached to the casing,.and is recessed for liquid-chambers both above and below, said chambers being connected by a duct, and the upper-one beingof smaller area to communicate reduced pressure to its column. The double-chamber base-plate is rigidly held between the main case above and a secondary casing-ring beneath it. The load is. applied to a stem swiveled in a cross-head rigidly con nected to the case, through which it connnmn cates its pressure to the chamber-piece and to the liquid therein, the latter transmitting the pressure of the weight through a pressure-column to the loadbeam, and through the duct to the small chamber and its pressure-column. The latter transmits the pressure by flexible plates to a system of levers communicating with a rotary indicator to show the amount of the load, as hereinafter described. A stopplate constructed with a flange engaging over an internal shoulder in the casing ring is placed between the pressure-column and the load-beam, and rigidly comiected to the latter, to limit the vertical play of the load-beam and its attached parts relatively to the casing. The connecting rods move within elastic packed joints of the casing to exclude dust and moisture. I

In the accompanying drawings the invention is represented in four views, numbered 126 to 128, inclusive. Fig. 126 is a front view of the instrument. Fig. 126 is ai'ront elevation of part of the internal mechanism, showing an axial section through the ,pressurechamber. Fig. 127 is a side elevation, partly inv section, as indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 126. of the chambers in a plane at an angle of forty five degrees to that shown in Fig. 127.

901 represents a suspension-stem passing through asuspension-beam, 902, which, with the said stem, has limited vertical play within the case 903, and is fixed from lateral mo tion therein by an annular plate, 904, fastened at its outer edge to the neck of the case, and at its inner edge to the beam. This beam 902 may be secured against lateral motion with reference to the case 903 by any suitable paclc ing or other means, such that there shall be very slight or no lateralmovement permitted, and at the same time the small longitudinal movement shall be but slightly resisted. A rubber or other elastic ring might be used for this purpose but the method here shown of securing them by flexible metallic plates is preferable. Lock-nuts 906 fix the stem 901 to the beam. Two rods, 905, are fixed to the beam 902 and extend down completely through the case, as shown. A loadbeam, 907, isfixed by nuts 908 to the rods 905, being tightly clamped against shoulders on said rods by the action of the nuts. The load-beam thus fixed to the suspensionstem, suspension-beam, and connecting-rods is fixed against lateral movement in the case by a thin flexible plate, 909, secured at its outer edge to a casing-ring, 910, and at its inner edge to the load-beam.

911 represents a baseplate recessed on both its upper and under surfaces to form liquidchambers, as hereinafter described.

912 are studs screwed into the case 903 and formed with shoulders, whereby they fix rigo idly to the ease the easing-ring 910 and chamher-base 911.

913 is a load cross-head clamped to the lower ends of the fixing-studs 912 by nuts 91-1, and

ioriningan attachment for a loadstem, 915, 5

which is swiveled therein, being secured by a nut, 916,.and washer 917. A pin, 918, fastens the nut 916 to the washer 917, so as to cause them to turn together as the stem swivels on the cross-head.

919 is astop-plate fastened by a screw, 920, to the load-beam 907, and formed with a pro- Fig. 128 is avertical section of a portion 55 2 p was jecting flange or shoulder, as clearly shown in Fig. 127, to limit the upward movement of the case by the contact of the said shoulder with an inwardly-projecting flange or shoulder on the casing-ring 910 when the instrument is relieved of a load.

921 is a pressurecolumn resting, through the medium of the plate 919, on the beam 907, and secured by a. flexible metallic diaphragm, 922, to the chamber-base 911., a tight chamber being thus formed between the base 911 and the column 921. A column, 923, and flexible diaphragm 921 cover the liquid chamber of smaller area on the opposite side of the doublechamber base 911, the two chambersbeing connected by a liquid-duct, 973, shown in dotted lines in Fig. 127 and in full lines in Fig. 128,)

so that when a load is applied to the case 903 pressure on the liquid in the lower chamber,

between the base 911, which is fixed to the case, and the column 921, which rests on.the suspension-yoke 902 905 907, will be communicated through the duct to the smaller chamber above, developing a pressure reduced in its aggregate by the proportionately smaller area of the chamber.

925 is a diaphragm-ring which bears upon the outer edge of the diaphragm 921. This separate ringinay be dispensed with, the case 903 being formed to rest directly on the diaphragm 921.

926 are elastic rings set partly in the loadbeam 907 and covering the opening in the easing-ring 910 around the rods 905. The said elastic rings, while covering the openings, permit the" slight relative motion of the parts without friction. These rings 926 may be used in the same manner in machinery where the liquid-chamber piece 911 is dispensed with, and exclude air, dust, C:c., from the case 903 equally well, the case 903 in this instance resting (lirectlyon the ring 910.

927 is a sealing-plug closing the duct 971, through which the liquidchambers and connecting-duct 973 are filled.

975 is a transverse duct permitting the escape of air from the chambers while they are filled with liquid. The upper pressure-column is preferably formed in two parts, the upper part, 928, being connected by a clamp, 931, and a flexible transmitting-plate, 932, to the load-lever 933, which is fulcrumed by the flexible plate 931 and clamp-plate and screw 935 to the fiilcrum-block 930, the latter being secured by screws 929 to the case 903. A weight applied to the case by the load-stem915, depressing the chamber-base 911., presses liquid up through the duct 973 into the chamber above, developing pressure upward on the column 923 928 and load-lever 933. From the load-lever 938 pressure istransmitted through a flexible plate, 936, and clamps 937 938 to a secondary lever, 912, fulerumed by a compound flexible joint formed by thin plates 939 939 and clamp 910.

the transmitting-lever 912, and 911 a clamp which fixes the plate 939 to the case.

913 represents a fixing and resisting plate or plates fastened by an adjustable clamp or clamps, 911, to the fulcrum-block 930, andby a clamp, 915, to the load-lever 912.

916 represents a temperature spring fastened by a elamp-plate, 917, to the back part ot the secondary load-lever, and to the case by a temperature and adjusting rod, 918, which is formed wholly or in part of metal more or less expansible than that of the case, in order to counteract automatically the effect of changes in temperature, as maybe necessary. The rod 918 is screwed within the case, as shown in dotted lines in Fig.' 126, for the purpose of setting it up or down to vary the pressure of'thc spring on the lever, and to set the indicator hereinafter described.

919 is a transmitting-plate fastened by a clamp, 950, to the secondary lever 912, and by a clamp, 952, to the fulcrum-block 951 of a transmittingdever, 953, which is fastened to the said fulcrum block by screws 951. A flexible fulcrunrplate, 955, is fixed to the fulcrum-block 951 by screws 951 and 951, and to a fulcruin-bracket, 956, by a clamp, 957. The bracket 956 is fastened to a lug, 986, on the case by screw, 958. The fulcrunrblock 951 is connected to the case 903, either directly or through the medium of the bracket 956, by the thin flexible plate 959, attached to the said fulcrum-block by a clamp, 960, and to the case 903 or bracket 956 by a clamp-plate, 961. From the lever 953 rotary motion is imparted to the indicator 966 by a band, 962, fastened to the transmitting-lever 953 by a clamp-plate, 963, and coiled on a drum, 961,- on the shaft 965 of the indicator 966. The shaft 965 runs in jeweled bearings on the brackets or standards 967 and 96S, screwed to the block 930.

969 is a hair-spring attached at its respective ends to the indicator-shaft, and to a pin, 969, on the lever 912. The hairspring offers a slight resistance to the motion of the indicator and serves to keep the connections taut.

970 is an annular dial, in front of which the indicator works.

971 is a door-frame, and 972a glass fixed therein.

976 is a stud screwed in the lever 912, 0011- stituting an adjustable stop to limit the downward motion of the transmitting-lever 953.

977 is a stud screwed in the beam 902, projecting downward and constituting an adjust the machine.

By fixing the moving parts against lateral motion at their upper and lower ends they are made steady in their vertical motion. By doubling the levers, as shown, and permitting the connections 905 to work between them, the strains are taken centrally without any lateral pressure, which would tend to produce unequal wear and uncertainty in the action of the instrument.

If it be desired to adapt the machine for optional use, either horizontally orvertically, a counterbalancing- *eight must be connected with the lever 953, or some other moving part, to neutralize the action of gravity when the machine is used vertically; otherwise the indications will vary in the difl'erent positions of Gounterbalancing-weights are described in other applications.

Referring to Fig. 127, the diaphragm 924 is shown annular, .and secured to the chamberbase 911 and pressure-eolunm 923 by solder.

This diaphragm has been usually made of brass. hen in the annular form shown, or when extending over the whole area of the chamber, it has heretofore been made of one or several corrugated plates of sufiicient strength to withstand the pressure of the liquid, and by its bending to communicate motion through various kinds of mechanism to the in dicator-needle, but I prefer to make this as shown in Fig. 126, where the main pressure of the liquid, from its action on the upper side of. its chamber in the base 911, is transmitted directly to the pressure-column 923 through a flat tempered steel plate, 924, which seals the chamber 911 on its upper side, and is combined with the said chamber and column 923 and ring 925 in such a way that the lower end of the column 923 projects slightly below the face of the ring 925, and thereby gives some considerable pressure on this diaphragm 92 st when the machine is not loaded, as by thus setting it the diaphragm will remain nearly flat throughout the whole loading of the machine from the least to the greatest1oads,thereby giving much less strain on the diaphragm and. much more uniform reading of the indicator than are obtained by other forms of diaphragms or meth ods of setting. It will be readily seen that by making and setting the diaphragm in this way I am able to use very thin flat tempered steel plates with very narrow spans, and adapt the machine to endure large pressures acting directly on'the pressure-col.umn,where I am enabled to measure them much more accurately than heretofore, and with very great uniformity of readings of the indicator. To enable me to seal the chamber 911 securely without solder, I make use of the sealing ring or rings 925, usually made of soft brass, put in as shown in Fig. 126, which rings must be sufficient in thickness to prevent the chamber-piece 911 from pressing directly against the fulcrumblock 930, when secured firmly in its seat by screws. (Not herein shown.) In using this combination of the plate 924 and pressure-column 923 the latter must be secured very carefully against lateral motion and without friction, which is here done by means of the steel diaphragm 924*, attached to the column 923 by the screws 923, or other suitable means. In this 'case the outer part of this diaphragm is secured by the pressure between the ring 925 and the fulcrmn-block 930,produced by the screws (not here shown) which secure the chamberbase 911 to the i'ulcrunrblock 930. In order that this method of making and setting the diaphragm 924* shall work with the greatest efficiency, it is necessary to so connect the press ure-column 923 with such parts that even with the largest pressures from the liquid beneath it it will have only very slight motion while the indicator moves throughout its whole stroke, and to provide for the accurate measuring of the pressure on this column it is best made of one piece of steel, and with connections, as shown in Fig. 126, where the fulcrums 932, 934, 936, and 939 are all of tempered steel, and secured against backlash to levers 933 and 942; 933 is a solid steel lever, and 942 is a skeleton lever. Both ends of the movable fulcrumplate 932 are driven or pressed very tightly in grooves 932 and 932", cut for them in the press ure-column 928 and lever 933, while the fixed fulcrum -plate 934 has its lower end firmly pressed in a groove, 934, out for it in the .le

ver 933, and its upper end is firmly secured in a recess in the fulcrum-block 930 by the clampplate 935. The fulcrum-plates 936 and 939 are secured in asimilar manner-939, Fig. 126, being a single plate taking the place of 939 939 and clamp-plates 940 shown in Fig. 126.

The steel plate 943 shown in Fig. 126 is firmly clamped at its right-handend to the lever 942 by the clamp 945, and at its left-hand end to the lever 933 by the clamps 944, instead of to the fulcrum-block 930 by clamp 9441, as in Fig. 126. By making it in this way the action is much better than when it is so short as to fasten to the said fulcrum-block 930, and it secures the lever 942 against longitudinal and lateral motion equally well. The lever 933- and spring 943 must both have clearance holes for the rods 905, and the clamp 94A may be put either to the right or left of the left-hand rod 905. This spring 943, acting through the levers 942 and 933 and their fulcrums, receives a large part of the load on the pressure-column 928 923 from the load on the machine.

The above-described invention is obviously applicable to the purposes of pressure-gages and weighingmachines as well as to dyna-.

2. The combination of the suspendingstem 901, suspending-beam 902, and case 903, the

beam being within the case and packed against dust and lateral motion, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

3. The combination of the suspending-beam 902, case 903, and suspending-rods 905, the beam being within the case and packed against dust and lateral motion, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

4. The combination, withthe case 903, of the suspending-beam 902, suspending-rods 905, and load-beam 907, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

5. The combination, in a dynamometer, of the casing-ring 910, thin flexible fixing-plate 909, and load-beam 907, as set forth.

6. The combination of the load-beam 907, fixing-plate 909, casing-ring 910, stop-plate 919, and screw 920.

7. The combination of the load-beam 907,

pressure-column 921, pressurediaphragm 922,

and chamber-base 911.

S. The combination of the fixingstuds 912, casing-ring 910, chamber-base 911, and case 903.

9. The combination of the cross-head 913, fixing-studs 912, and case 903.

10. The combination ofthe swiveled loadstem 915, cross-head 913, and fixing-studs 912 with the case 903.

11. The doublechambered base-plate 911, in combination with the two pressure-columns 921 923, diaphragms 922 921, and casing 910 903.

12. The combination of the packing-rings 926, suspendingrods 905, load-beam 907, casing-ring 910, and case 903, either with or with out the intervening chambered plate 911.

13. The combination of the chamber-base 911, flexible sealing-plate 921, pressure-col- 'umn 923, compression fulcrum-plate 932, and

load-lever 933,, substantially as and for the pur poses set forth.

14. The combination of chamber-base 911, plate 924., casing ring 925, and pressurecolumn 923, projecting below the face of the casing-ring 925, thus causing initial pressure on the said column 923, for the purpose of obtaining a uniform action of the gage.

15. The sealing-ring 925, in combination with the chamber-base 911, diaphragm or plate 924., casing-ring 925, and pressure-column 923, as and for the purposes set forth.

16. The diaphragm 924, in 1 combination with the casing ring 925 and pressure-column 923, the said diaphragm being secured to the said column, as and for the purposes set forth.

1'7. In a weighing-machine, gage, or dynamometer, a flexible fulcrumplate secured by forcing it at either end, under pressure, into a groove forming a seat for it, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

18. The combination of the pressure-column 928, having groove 932, and lever 933, having groove 932", with .the fulcrum-plate 932, secured in said grooves by pressure, as set forth.

19. The combination of the fulcrum-block 930, lever 933, having groove 931", with the fulcrum-pl ate 934., secured in said groove by pressure, as set forth.

20. The combination of the lever933, fixingand resisting spring 913, and lever 942, as set forth.

21. The combination of a flat metallic sealing plate or diaphragm, 921, pressure-column 923, fulcrumplate 932, lever 933, fulcrum-- plate 934, and fulcrum-block 930, as set forth.

ALBERT H. EMERY.

\Vitnesses:

OCTAVIUS KNIGHT, \VALTER ALLEN. 

